????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????
?????
??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????.
?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????.
????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? LFGB ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? 21 CFR? ????? ??? ISO 90001 ??????. ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
?????? 304
?????? 316
?????? 210
?????? 430
???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????.
?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????
?????? 304 (18/8 ? 18/10)
????? ??????? ?? ?????? 304 ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? 18% ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 8 ?10% ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.
??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? 10%. ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? 18/8 ?? 18/10.
?????? 316 (?????? ???????)
???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? 316 ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? 304? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 10%? ??? ??? ??? 14%. ??? ????? ??? 2% ?? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????.
????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
?????? 201 (?????? ?????????)
????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 201 ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? 4% ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????.
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? 304. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (XRF) ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.
?????? 430 (????? ?????? ????)
?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 430 ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? 18% ???? ?0% ????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?? ???????? 304 ?316 ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 430? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????.
???? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? (AISI). ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? 430 ???? ?? ?????? 304? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.
?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? 304 ?? 316? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? 430. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? 304 ??????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? (??? 200 ???? ??????) ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????.
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????????? 304/316 ?????? ???????? ???????
????? ??????? ?????????? 304/316 ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 100 ????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.
???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 304/316 ????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 430? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????.
?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
???? ??????? (AISI) | ????? ?????? ?????? | ???? ?????? | ???? ?????? | ???? ???????????? | ?????? ???????? ???????????? | ?????? ?????? ??????? |
304 | 18/8 ?? 18/10 | 17.5% - 19.5% | 8.0% - 10.5% | 0% | ?????????? (??? ??????????) | ????? / ???? |
316 | 18/10 + ??? | 16% - 18% | 10% - 14% | 2.0% - 3.0% | ?????????? (??? ??????????) | ????? / ???? |
430 | 18/0 | 16% - 18% | 0% | 0% | ????? (????????) | ????? ????? ????? |
201 | ????? ???????? | 16% - 19.5% | 1.0% - 4.0% | 0% | ?????????? (??? ??????????) | ????? (???? ?????) |
??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????
????? ??? ????? (?????? 316 ? 316Ti)
?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 316 ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? (?????? 120 ??????? ????????) ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? 316 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????.
?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? [???? ?? ??? ???????] ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? 316Ti ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????.
????? ??? ???????? (???? 201 ?????? ?????)
?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 201. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? 304? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? (BOM) ?????? ???????.
????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.
????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (?????? 316)
?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 316 ??? 2% ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (????) ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? 304 ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 48 ????. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? 316 ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.
??????? ??????? ???????? (???? 304)
????? ??????? ?? ?????? 304 ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (????? 515 ???? ??????) ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 304? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.
???? ????????: ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????
????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????????? (304/316) ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? Ra ?? 0.8 ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????????????? (PFOA) ??????? ?????????? ????? (PFAS) ??????? ??????????.
?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?????????: SGS ?TUV ?Bureau Veritas? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? LFGB ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????. ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????.
?????
??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? LFGB ?ISO9001.
???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ASTM A240 ?? ?????? 304 ?316. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????/????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????.
??????? ???????
1. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? 304 ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????
?????? ??????? ?? ?????? 304 ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????.
2. ?? ?????? 201 ???? ????????? ?? ???????
????? ??????? ?? ?????? 201 ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???. ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
3. ??? ??? ???? ????? 304L ?? 316L ????? ?? ??????? ?????????
???? ????? "L" ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? 0.03%. ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? 304L ?316L ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ISO 9001 ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ISO 14001. ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? CCC ??????? ?????????.